The Sarcomere and Skeletal Muscle Disease by Nigel G. Laing (English) Paperback

Description: The Sarcomere and Skeletal Muscle Disease by Nigel G. Laing Although best known for its role in heart disease, the sarcomere--the fundamental unit of muscle contraction--is also involved in skeletal muscle diseases. FORMAT Paperback LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Publisher Description Although best known for its role in heart disease, the sarcomere--the fundamental unit of muscle contraction--is also involved in skeletal muscle diseases. Chapters in The Sarcomere and Skeletal Muscle Disease provide an up-to-date review of diseases caused by mutated proteins in the different sub-compartments of the sarcomere, document the techniques currently being used to investigate the pathobiological bases of the diseases, which remain largely unknown, and discuss possible therapeutic options. Author Biography Nigel G. Laing, PhD, is currently a Professorial Fellow in the Centre for Medical Research at the University of Western Australia, within the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research at the QEII Medical Centre in Western Australia and a Senior Medical Scientist in the Neurogenetic Laboratory at Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia. He is however originally Scottish, doing his undergraduate studies, Honours in Pharmacology (1976), PhD in Physiology (1979), at the University of Edinburgh. His thesis was on the effects of bungarotoxin paralysis on motor neuron death in the developing chick embryo and was supervised by Martin Prestige. He had a one-year post-doc with Professor Jan Jansen in the Department of Physiology at the University of Oslo in 1980. After that he moved to the Department of Pathology at the University of Western Australia for another post-doc position with Alan Lamb from 1981-1987. In 1987-1988 he re-trained in molecular genetics with Professor Teepu Siddique in Professor Allen Roses, laboratory at Duke University, North Carolina, returning to Western Australia in July 1988 to develop both research and diagnostic molecular neurogenetics laboratories under Professor Byron Kakulas. The research laboratory (first in the Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute and subsequently in the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research), has played a role in showing SOD1 was a gene for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It also identified mutation of slow a-tropomyosin as the first known cause of the congenital myopathy nemaline myopathy, and mutations in skeletal muscle a-actin as a significant cause of congenital myopathies (especially severe congenital myopathies) and that certain specific mutations in the tail of slow skeletal/ss-cardiac myosin are associated with an early onset form of distal myopathy, now known as Laing distal myopathy. The Neurogenetic Laboratory at Royal Perth Hospital provides a state-wide molecular diagnostic service for neurological disorders, an Australasia-wide service for some of these disorders and is a world reference centre for the diagnosis of skeletal muscle a-actin and slow a-tropomyosin disorders. Table of Contents The Sarcomere and Sarcomerogenesis.- Skeletal Muscle Alpha-Actin Diseases.- Nebulin—A Giant Chameleon.- Skeletal Muscle Disease Due to Mutations in Tropomyosin, Troponin and Cofilin.- Investigations into the Pathobiology of Thin-Filament Myopathies.- Mouse Models for Thin Filament Disease.- Thick Filament Diseases.- Acute Quadriplegic Myopathy: An Acquired "Myosinopathy".- Third Filament Diseases.- The Z-Disk Diseases.- Intermediate Filament Diseases: Desminopathy.- Muscular Integrity—A Matter of Interlinking Distinct Structures via Plectin.- The Sarcomere and the Nucleus: Functional Links to Hypertrophy, Atrophy and Sarcopenia.- Other Model Organisms for Sarcomeric Muscle Diseases.- Therapeutic Approaches for the Sarcomeric Protein Diseases. Long Description The gene, and its protein product, in a serious inherited muscle disease was first identified in the case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy some twenty years ago. Dystrophin turned out to be a sarcolemmal protein. This was somewhat of a surprise because many had harboured the view up until then that most muscle diseases, if not all, might be due to defects in the sarcomere itself. After all this was the site of muscle contraction. However many other muscular dystrophies have subsequently been shown to be due to defects in various other sarcolemma-associated proteins.1 The structure of the sarcomere itself has been studied and known for many years.2 But only in more recent times has the role of its structural and contractile proteins been detailed in specific muscle diseases. The cytoskeleton is held together by filamentous proteins, such as a-actinin and desmin, and the microtubular protein tubulin. Other proteins are nebulin and telethonin and the elastic element titin. Finally there are the contractile proteins troponin, tropomyosin, actin and myosin. Here experts in the field describe a variety of diseases associated with defects in these sarcomeric proteins often first suspected because of a pronounced accumulation of the relevant protein in the muscle tissue. Recently a few, relatively rare dystrophies themselves have also been shown to be associated with defects in sarcomeric proteins, for example, myotilin in LGMD1A, telethonin in LGMD2G, and titin in LGMD2J. The latter is of particular interest in the present context. Whereas homozygous mutation of the titin gene result in the autosomal recessive, severe, early onset 2J form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, heterozygosity for the same and other dominant mutations results in a mild, late onset form of distal (tibial) myopathy.3,4 Furthermore myotilin mutations have now been demonstrated in myofibrillar myopathy, or desmin-related myopathy, as well as in LGMD1A.5 These observations and several other examples in the text raise fundamental questions: how do we explain the very different clinical phenotypes which can result from different mutations in the same gene, and occasionally in different members of the same family with the same mutation? This problem is not unique to the sarcomeric diseases. It is also well exemplified in the case of mutations of the LMNA gene resulting in multiple laminopathies, defects in nuclear membrane proteins, a problem which has been recognised for some time.6 Further detailed analysis of specific mutations in these disorders may provide some answers. But it is also possible that studying associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms or copy number variants7-10 may be helpful though so far most of this research has centred more on commoner multifactorial conditions. These seem to be unexplored territories in regard to genetic forms of muscle disease. Furthermore acute quadriplegic myopathy, due to a preferential loss of myosin and myosin-associated thick filament proteins, is acquired and not genetic. It is also perhaps possible that certain common pathogens could affect disease presentation via their interaction with, for example, actin filaments and the induced filament rearrangements.11 But again this is a field which has so far not been explored. The results of the studies presented in this volume now pave the way for much future research into the pathogenesis of this group of fascinating conditions, leading one day to their treatment. References: 1. Winder SJ, ed. Molecular Mechanisms of Muscular Dystrophies. Austin: Landes Bioscience, 2006. 2. Hanson J, Huxley HE. Structural basis of cross striations in muscle. Nature 1953; 172:530-533. 3. Udd B, K Details ISBN1441927417 Year 2010 ISBN-10 1441927417 ISBN-13 9781441927415 Format Paperback Edition 1st Imprint Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Place of Publication New York, NY Country of Publication United States Edited by Nigel G. Laing Short Title SARCOMERE & SKELETAL MUSCLE DI Language English Media Book Series Number 642 DEWEY 610 Pages 228 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-84847-1 AU Release Date 2010-12-06 NZ Release Date 2010-12-06 US Release Date 2010-12-06 UK Release Date 2010-12-06 Author Nigel G. Laing Publisher Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Edition Description Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2008 Series Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Publication Date 2010-12-06 Alternative 9780387848464 Audience Professional & Vocational Illustrations XXII, 228 p. We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! TheNile_Item_ID:96238017;

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